The 22-year-old made his Cherry and Whites debut during the 2007-08 campaign, but came of age last term making 15 starts as Bryan Redpath's side advanced to the Aviva Premiership semi-finals.
Trinder's form was rewarded with an appearance for England against the Barbarians, while he was also part of the Saxons squad that secured Churchill Cup glory in the summer.
And the Swindon-born three-quarter says opting to stay with the West Country club was an easy decision.
"I'm very pleased to get it out of the way. It now gives me an opportunity to concentrate on the rest of this season and the two seasons to come after that," he said in a Gloucester statement.
"I'm really happy to stay at Gloucester, I'm enjoying my rugby here. The coaches are great, the other players are great and we've got a really good atmosphere in the squad. There was no decision to make really.
"Bryan (Redpath) wants me to push on. He's always been very supportive and backed me as a player and that's given me great confidence to go out and play my game within the team structure.
"I like working with him, Carl Hogg and the other coaches and the new contract means I can now focus on fulfilling my potential."
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